Where is erythropoietin formed

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Blood , — Nangaku, M. Erythropoietin was one of the first drugs produced through recombinant DNA technology and is widely used in conditions where red blood cell production is deficient.

In the fetus, it is synthesized in the liver, but production later switches almost exclusively to the kidney. Within the kidney, erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblast-like cells that surround the renal tubules. When blood oxygen concentration is normal normoxia , synthesis of erythropoietin occurs in scattered cells located predominantly in the inner cortex, but under conditions when blood oxygen is deficient hypoxia , interstitial cells within almost all zones of the kidney begin to produce the hormone.

This is an interesting concept - increased production of erythropoietin is due to an increase in the number of cells that produce it rather than an increase in the level of synthesis by particular endocrine cells.

Under hypoxic conditions, for example with severe anemia, the kidneys can increase production of erythropoietin more than fold over normal. The erythropoietin receptor is a dimer of a transmembrane protein expressed on the cell surface of target cells. Epo-producing cells in the kidney were peritubular cells, most likely endothelial cells of the cortex and outer medulla.

Glomerular and tubular cells were not labeled. In three patients with renal adenocarcinomas associated with polycythemia, in situ hybridization showed a strong labeling of the tumor cells. Search Search. You and Your Hormones. Students Teachers Patients Browse. Human body. Home Hormones Erythropoietin. Erythropoietin Erythropoietin is a hormone, produced mainly in the kidneys, which stimulates the production and maintenance of red blood cells.

Alternative names for erythropoietin Erythropoietin is commonly referred to as EPO. What is erythropoietin? Follicle stimulating hormone. Related Glands. Kidneys View all Glands. Related Glossary Supplements.