Why hoaxes

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A small group gathers, and the teens look pale and confused. The woman approaches cautiously, parting the curtains slightly to get a look inside. What she sees defies belief. She continues further into the tent, unable to take her eyes off of the large white table before her. Right there, in plain sight, are tiny people walking around, talking and playing. She looks around the tent and sees a magician wearing an elaborate coat.

It must be some kind of trickery. The woman leaves the fair with a story of magic and wonder, telling her friends and acquaintances — and anyone else who will listen — about the tiny people on the table, and the magician who cast the spell. Those magicians — including Giambattista della Porta, who described his use of lenses in his work Magia Naturalis or Natural Magic — would amaze audiences with images cast onto surfaces in a giant camera obscura setup.

So when those very same lenses were used in the construction of scientific instruments, like telescopes and microscopes, the public was hesitant, maintaining that the images produced were simply trickery. Scientists like Galileo and Swammerdam had to defend their use of lenses for research.

People were not quick to trust what they were seeing. The period since that day at the fair is littered with examples of strange stories and science hoaxes. The Feejee Mermaid of the mids had some people believing the half-primate half-fish was real. Fast-forward to this millennium, and many people are still convinced by the alien autopsy filmed in Piltdown Man, crop circles and the disappearing blond gene have all grabbed headlines and minds.

According to the Museum of Hoaxes , the 92nd best April Fools' Day hoax of all time occurred in when The Guardian reported that researchers had developed a machine that could control the weather: "Britain will gain the immediate benefit of long summers, with rainfall only at night. In , an email was circulated widely saying that Mars would appear as large as the moon in the sky on 27 August. Don't be. The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Sorting through the vast amount of information created and shared online is challenging, even for the experts. Disinformation, by contrast, refers to deliberate attempts to confuse or manipulate people with dishonest information. These campaigns, at times orchestrated by groups outside the U. Disinformation can turn into misinformation when spread by unwitting readers who believe the material.

Hoaxes, similar to disinformation, are created to persuade people that things that are unsupported by facts are true. For example, the person responsible for the celebrity-death story has created a hoax. Though many people are just paying attention to these problems now, they are not new — and they even date back to ancient Rome.

Around 31 B. It worked. Octavian, not Antony, became the first Roman emperor, taking the name Augustus Caesar.