Due to the ionic properties of salt water, scientists are now striving to exploit the ionic electricity-generating potential of salinity gradients where salt water and fresh water mix as a green source of energy generation for the future. What is a cation? Meet The Author. Karen Steward PhD.
Chosen for you. Electrode attracted to. Cathode negative. Anode positive. Though this naming convention has been largely abandoned by the scientific community, it remains in use by some segments of industry. For example, you may see the words stannous fluoride on a tube of toothpaste. This represents the formula SnF 2 , which is more properly named tin II fluoride.
The other fluoride of tin is SnF 4 , which was previously called stannic fluoride but is now named tin IV fluoride. Name the following ionic compounds, which contain a metal that can have more than one ionic charge:. These charges are used in the names of the metal ions:. Write the formulas of the following ionic compounds:. Chemists use nomenclature rules to clearly name compounds.
Ionic and molecular compounds are named using somewhat-different methods. Binary ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal. The name of the metal is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal with its ending changed to — ide. For example, K 2 O is called potassium oxide. Salts are compounds composed of cations bonded to anions. The resulting compound carries a neutral electrical charge.
Salts are hygroscopic , or tend to pick up water. This water is called water of hydration. By convention, the cation name and formula are listed before the anion name and formula. In other words, write the cation on the left and the anion on the right.
The formula of a salt is:. If m or n is 1, then no subscript is written in the formula. The name of a salt is given by:. Prefixes indicate the number of water molecules or can be used in front of the cation and anion names in cases where the cation usually can have multiple oxidation states. Common prefixes are:.
It is written SrCl 2. The formula of the salt is written as NH 4 2 SO 4. An example of a formula that includes water of hydrate is that of copper II sulfate pentahydrate. See below. The image below summarizes the charges of the ions that you should know at this stage. The monatomic anions are named by adding -ide to the root of the name of the nonmetal that forms the anion. For example, N 3- is the nitride ion. The names of the anions are below.
Some polyatomic anions are formed by the attachment of one or more hydrogen atoms.
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