Registry Builder New. Medically Reviewed by Mark Payson, M. Medical Review Policy All What to Expect content that addresses health or safety is medically reviewed by a team of vetted health professionals. Learn more about this pelvic infection, including symptoms, causes, its effect on getting pregnant and how to treat it. Back to Top. In This Article. Continue Reading Below. Read This Next.
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Ovulation Calculator and Calendar. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. PID is most often caused by the sexually transmitted diseases STD chlamydia or gonorrhea, but it can sometimes stem from the disruption of the normal state of bacteria in the vagina.
The two main STDs that cause pelvic inflammatory disease are chlamydia and gonorrhea. Other possible causes of PID include bacterial vaginosis a change in the normal balance of bacteria present in the vagina , douching, childbirth, miscarriage or abortion. All women are at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease, but it is most commonly diagnosed among those under the age of ACOG reports that risk increases for any woman who has multiple sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease, a sex partner who has multiple sex partners, or previous history of PID.
Symptoms are often vague, or they may not show up at all. Seek medical help any time there are questions or concerns, especially if these PID symptoms are present:. Call your gynecologist immediately if more severe PID symptoms occur as noted below.
No single test exists to detect pelvic inflammatory disease. To diagnose it, a provider will perform a physical examination, and discuss medical and sexual history. During a pelvic exam, the provider will look for signs of PID that include abnormal discharge from the cervix or vagina, pus near the fallopian tubes or ovaries known as an abscess , and pain or tenderness in the reproductive organs.
Sometimes an ultrasound or other imaging test may be ordered to further examine the internal organs. The provider will most likely order blood tests to check for sexually transmitted infections STIs and a urinalysis to check for a urinary tract infection UTI. Because pelvic inflammatory disease stems from a bacterial infection, the first course of treatment is antibiotics. Sometimes, two or more antibiotics are prescribed together to tackle multiple strains of bacteria.
More serious complications, such as an abscess in the fallopian tube or ovary, may require surgery. It is extremely important to finish the entire course of prescribed treatment, even if symptoms subside before the medication is completed.
A risk of re-infection exists until the course of treatment is complete, so patients should not participate in sexual activity until then. They, too, should finish the prescribed treatment before engaging in further sexual activity.
Pelvic inflammatory disease can occur more than once, especially if sexually transmitted diseases are present. Women who think they might have the condition should not wait to get medical help for any signs of PID. The longer the disease lives in the body, the likelihood for lifetime complications increases. This can happen during menstruation and after childbirth, miscarriage or abortion.
Rarely, bacteria can also enter the reproductive tract during the insertion of an intrauterine device IUD — a form of long-term birth control — or any medical procedure that involves inserting instruments into the uterus.
This risk is generally confined to the first three weeks after insertion. Untreated pelvic inflammatory disease might cause scar tissue and pockets of infected fluid abscesses to develop in the reproductive tract. These can cause permanent damage to the reproductive organs. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Pelvic inflammatory disease Open pop-up dialog box Close. Pelvic inflammatory disease Pelvic inflammatory disease PID is an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.
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