Community-acquired pneumonia occurs if you get infected in a community setting, like a mall or subway. Hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs if you get infected at a hospital or nursing home. In Western countries, K. Your urinary tract includes your urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys.
Klebsiella UTIs occur when the bacteria enters the urinary tract. It can also happen after using a urinary catheter for a long time.
Usually, this happens with wounds caused by injury or surgery. In rare cases, K. It happens when bacteria infect the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. This is an infection that causes inflammation in the white of your eye. Often, K. This can cause a pyogenic liver abscess , or a pus-filled lesion. In primary bacteremia, K.
In secondary bacteremia, K. One study estimates about 50 percent of Klebsiella blood infections originate from Klebsiella infection in the lungs. Bacteremia needs to be treated immediately. If left untreated, bacteremia can become life threatening and turn into sepsis. Bacteremia is a medical emergency. Go to the nearest emergency room or call or your local emergency services if you suspect you might have it. It will also lower your risk of life-threatening complications. Since it is only relatively recently that these species have been differentiated, there is a paucity of information in the literature regarding colonization rates and virulence factors in K.
Along with K. Indeed, genetic exchange across these three species can occur Holt et al. Though classically considered an opportunistic, hospital-acquired pathogen that infects only immunocompromised hosts, two additional types of K. Across these three types, intestinal colonization rates are significant and serve as a reservoir for isolates capable of causing infection. For hospital-onset infections, the association between colonization and subsequent infection is established and strong.
And for all types of K. Understanding colonization and infection as two distinct stages with potentially varying risk factors will further aid in understanding the pathogenesis of K. The accessory genome is likely critical in determining the differences in infection risk and outcomes of endemic, antibiotic-resistant, and hypervirulent K.
Several K. Furthermore, most studies involving K. While understanding of pathogenesis for each distinct type is important, a broad understanding of how K.
These species may have distinct epidemiological and resistance profiles based on the composition of their accessory genome. However, it is becoming evident that there is a reservoir of genes that are exchanged and assembled to create strains with varying infectious and antibiotic-resistant potential Figure 1. Therefore, it is increasingly clear that Klebsiella can assemble a large accessory genome from a larger pool of available genes to determine their ability to colonize, infect, and resist antibiotics in humans.
Figure 1. Klebsiella pneumoniae, variicola , and quasipneumoniae are three species that share a pool of accessory genes. The combination of genes in the accessory genome differs between species and pathotypes within K. These accessory genes can also combine to form new pathotypes hvCRE and can be shared across species. Enterobactin Ent, blue and Fimbriae dark green represent conserved genes; accessory genes are shown as examples and are not a definitive list.
The evolutionary tree is not drawn to scale. RM and MB: conceived design of the review, drafted, and critically revised the work, and provided final approval for publication. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Thank you to Nicholas W. Lukacs, Harry L. Snitkin for reading an early draft of the review. Abraham, E.
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Properties of plasmids responsible for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Taking every hygiene precaution, especially hand washing, is the best way to prevent K. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that exist in their millions, in every environment, inside or outside other organisms. Some are harmful, but…. Meningitis affects the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. It is the most dangerous type of meningitis and can be fatal. Swift treatment with….
Cystitis is an infection of the urinary tract that is caused by bacteria. Anyone can develop cystitis, although it is more common in women. Bacterial pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs as a result of bacteria.
People who are in hospital sometimes acquire it. People with a weakened…. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection in the deep layers of skin and the layers of fat and tissue beneath. It responds well to treatment but can become…. What to know about Klebsiella pneumoniae. Medically reviewed by Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.
Causes Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Seeing a doctor Contagion Prognosis Summary Klebsiella pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause a range of infections. Share on Pinterest Klebsiella pneumoniae may cause infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and liver abscess. Pneumonia Meningitis Cellulitis Urinary tract infection cough fever chest pain shortness of breath fever neck stiffness or pain sensitivity to light headaches dizziness confusion delirium irritability nausea vomiting skin redness skin warmth skin swelling skin tenderness fatigue fever painful urination frequent urination pain beneath the pubic bone blood in the urine.
When to see a doctor. Is it contagious? Bloodstream infections Pneumoniae that enters the bloodstream can cause bacteremia, or an infection of the blood. Bacteremia needs to be treated right away, as these infections can progress to sepsis and septic shock , which can turn deadly. A UTI can affect any part of the urinary system, including the urethra, kidneys, bladder, and ureters. Symptoms include a strong, frequent need to urinate, burning sensation during urination, pelvic pain, and cloudy, bloody, or strong-smelling urine.
Women are at a greater risk of getting a UTI than men. Wound and surgical site infections If K. Typically, this happens with wounds caused by injury or after surgery. Symptoms can include fever, blisters, fatigue, and pain at the wound or surgical site.
Meningitis Bacterial meningitis can occur when pneumoniae enters the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is a very serious infection that can be life-threatening.
The bacteria can cause the tissues around the brain to swell, interfering with blood flow. This can result in paralysis or stroke. Symptoms, including high fever, headaches, and stiff neck, come on quickly, usually within 24 hours of infection. If left untreated, bacterial meningitis can lead to death. A study published in the American Journal of Medicine estimated the overall annual population incidence of klebsiella infection is 7. The researchers found elderly people and men were at highest risk of infection.
According to the National Institutes of Health Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, klebsiella is responsible for 8 percent of all hospital-acquired infections. Furthermore, a CDC report found carbapenem -resistant klebsiella is responsible for about 7, infections and deaths each year. Some strains of E. According to the CDC, carbapenem-resistant E.
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