So production of fertilizers, their use in the soil and livestock husbandry all contribute to climate change. As the cannon shots resonate, they remind us that Napoleon invaded Russia that year. To fight these wars, Napoleon needed ammunition, and ammunition requires gunpowder, a mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate saltpetre.
So what, beyond the use of saltpetre in explosives, is the link to iodine? Today years on, we know we all need minute quantities of iodine to make thyroid hormone. It is essential not only to control our metabolism, but is also necessary for brain development.
Here lies yet another link to explosives: fireworks, which set off the ammonium nitrate explosion in Beirut. Fireworks contain perchlorate, as does rocket fuel and other explosive substances.
Yet perchlorate also inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, which synthesises thyroid hormone. So we have three explosive stories here, that tied together, culminated in the Beirut disaster.
Alfred Nobel made his fortune on explosives. Haber and Bosch each obtained Nobel Prizes for their work on production of ammonia, supposedly to feed the world. The invention is characterized by non-flammability and its sterile and inactive nature with respect to its use as an explosive or explosive manufacturing ingredient; this fertilizer can not be used for terrorist purposes or cause explosions accidents following self-incineration such as ammonium nitrate.
Operating mode:. Stirring for a few minutes until the solid additions are completely dissolved and the mixture is homogenized. Agitation pendant 10 minutes. Stirring for 10 minutes. Wait for a maximum of 8 hours for the reaction to take place. Thus, said invention, titled "Non-Explosive Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer and Non-Flammable", is a chemical fertilizer that modifies the soil by nitrogen in various forms, ammonium ions and nitrates, for a duration greater than those common fertilizers Ammonium Nitrate and Urea without risk of self-incineration and explosion.
In addition, this product reduces the risk of groundwater contamination by drainage of chemicals through precipitation and release of harmful gases such as ammonia and NO x. Revendications claims 1. A nitrogenous chemical fertilizer, hereinafter referred to as "Non-Explosive and Non-Flammable Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Fertilizer" is manufactured primarily from ammonium nitrate, urea and formaldehyde, characterized by its ability to be marketed in a non-flammable and non-explosive solid state.
A nitrogenous chemical fertilizer called "Non-Explosive and Non-Flammable Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Fertilizer" whose synthetic process specially designed for its manufacture is as follows:. The invention according to claims 1 or 2, has as main objective the amendment of the soils in nitrogen in various ionic forms which can be marketed in the form of granules.
The invention according to claims 1 or 2, essentially derived from an aqueous mixture of formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate and urea which can be achieved by any method of which urea and formaldehyde do not remain mixed they alone, for a time sufficient to initiate any chemical polymerization reaction or other.
The method of synthesizing "Non-Explosive and Non-Flammable Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Fertilizer" according to claim 2 is essentially catalyzed by acids which may be weak, strong or mixtures of acids. The mixture, after the addition of the catalyst, according to c of claim 2, may or may not require moderate agitation according to the industrial manufacturing techniques used; if the mixture flows immediately after the addition of the catalyst, then a metered pumping of the latter is sufficient.
The invention according to e of claim 2, requires waiting for the end of reaction which varies with the amount, nature and concentration of the catalyst used. The invention according to claims 2 or 10, requires drying which, in the case where the final product is in granule form, can be moderated to result in a tab ready to undergo granulation followed by final drying in the case applicable. The invention according to claims 1 or 2, takes longer to release all of the nitrogen it contains in the surrounding soil because immediate and early dissolution affects only a portion of the fertilizer while the rest is released more slowly and in a delayed manner for a variable duration according to the nature and, especially, the acidity or alkalinity of the soil; what follows:.
It is made of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. The bonds between these elements are less stable than atmospheric N 2 bonds, so plants can more readily get at the nitrogen.
The nitrate portion of the fertilizer NO 3 is already in the form plants can use; the ammonium portion NH 4 is slowly converted to usable nitrate by soil bacteria, and thus remains available to the plant for a longer time.
Now, think back to the very stable N 2 molecule. If a lot of energy is needed to split the two nitrogen atoms and break those bonds, then, conversely, a lot of energy is given off when two nitrogen atoms come together to make the bond.
When the chemical exploded, it caused a blast powerful enough to knock people to the ground in Galveston, Texas, 10 miles 16 kilometers away. That detonation also caused a chain reaction when a nearby ship, also carrying ammonium nitrate, exploded, setting fires at chemical tanks and oil refineries near the port. An estimated people were killed in the disaster. According to a report by The Associated Press, experts think that spark came from an initial fire that may have engulfed fireworks being stored at the port.
Boaz Hayoun, founder and owner of the Tamar Group, an Israeli firm involved in safety and certification issues involving explosives, explained the telltale signs of the ignition. Not all disasters involving ammonium nitrate are accidents: The fertilizer was packed into a rented truck and used by terrorists Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols to kill people in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The chemical was used again in the nightclub bombing in Bali that killed people, in the Oslo bombing by Anders Behring Breivik, which killed eight people, and in numerous other terrorist attacks.
Because of its danger and potential use by terrorists, ammonium nitrate is subject to strict regulation in most places. In , according to NBC News , the Department of Homeland Security established rules limiting the sale of the compound, which is also used as an explosive in the construction and mining industries.
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